How hybrid vehicles are Working?
FUEL POWERED ENGINES
What usually happens with fuel-powered vehicles is that the chemical energy in the fuel is converted into kinetic energy. An internal Combustion engine is used to do this work. Such an internal Combustion engine has Pistons. As the fuel Burns, This pistons, it moves up and down. Crankshaft mounted under it. It can also convert this up and down motion into rotational motion. The gearbox in the vehicle, supplies this energy to wheels. Only then could a vehicle like this be driven. When accelerating a vehicle, we have to give more power to the vehicle.
What happens when you brake vehicle like this? In order to stop fast moving vehicle like this, the kinetic energy of this vehicle has to be removed by some means. But we know, we cannot destroy energy. That only translation can be done. So because of this, part of this kinetic energy is converted into heat in the brake pad. Another part, the front suspension costs to press. This is how a vehicle can be parked. So after the kinetic energy is expended on the heat of The brake pad and the suspension, this energy is wasted. Hybrid vehicles have been developed to solve this problem.
HYBRID VEHICLES
Even in a hybrid vehicle like this, we can take care of an engine. in addition to this engine, there is an electric motor and a battery pack. There are three main types of hybrid vehicles.
1. Parallel Hybrid
2. Series Hybrid
3. Series / Parallel Hybrid (Power Split)
Parallel Hybrid - A parallel hybrid vehicle is powered by an Engine. It also have has a motor to give extra power to this engine.
Power Split - Power split vehicles have an electric motor. This vehicle can only run on the engine if required. If necessary, you can run only by motor. Or you can mix and match the two in a certain ratio.
WHY IS THIS VEHICLES SO COMPLEX?
The uniqueness of these hybrid vehicles is that the kinetic energy wasted when braking the vehicle can be converted into electrical energy and stored in a battery. It can also be used later. This greatly increases the efficiency of the vehicle. So this technique called Re generating Braking is used. When braking a vehicle, the first thing to use is not the brake pad of the vehicle, but the motor of the vehicle. Then this motor can act as a dynamo and convert part of the kinetic energy of this vehicle into electricity and store it in the battery. When driving a vehicle like this on the road, sometimes the motor is very efficient in different situations. Sometimes the engine is too efficient. A vehicle like this can operate at a very high power using the relevant power in the relevant place. So with all this we are trying to increase the efficiency of the vehicle. Also reduce fuel consumption and minimize damage to the environment.
BENEFIT OF HYBRID VEHICLES
Parallel Hybrid
A parallel hybrid vehicle has a small motor. Because this vehicle is powered by an engine. This motor is only needed to provide extra power to the engine. So these vehicles are usually cheaper because they have a smaller motor as well as a smaller battery pack. But this type of vehicle works at maximum efficiency only when a long distance is traveling at a normal speed. When a city is in traffic, You can't get the most out of this vehicle.
ex :- Maruti Suzuki Wagon R
Series Hybrid
A series hybrid vehicle runs entirely on an electric motor. So it has a big motor and a big battery pack. So vehicles like this are a bit expensive. However, Re generative Brakes works well in a Series hybrid vehicle like this. Therefore, it can work well and efficiently on roads with little traffic.
Power Split Hybrid
Power split hybrid vehicles usually have a battery pack, a motor and an engine. Therefore, it is possible to buy a vehicle like this for a modest price. This technique is also used in the Toyota Prius, one of the most popular vehicles in the world.
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